Serum biomarkers are measurable indicators present in blood serum that can provide valuable information about the physiological or pathological status of an individual. These biomarkers can include proteins, enzymes, hormones, antibodies, and other molecules that are released into the bloodstream in response to various biological processes or conditions. By analyzing serum biomarkers, researchers and clinicians can gain insights into the presence, progression, or severity of diseases, monitor treatment efficacy, and predict patient outcomes. Overall, serum biomarkers play a crucial role in diagnostics, prognostics, and personalized medicine.